toe stress

The floodgate may be regarded as a series system with four main failures modes including slip along the foundation, compression failure of the floodgate toe in the downstream line, tension crack of the floodgate heel in the upper stream and non-uniform stress distributions.

软基上的水闸可看成由4种主要失效模式（沿闸基面的滑动、下游闸趾压坏、上游闸踵拉裂和上下游应力不均匀）所组成的串联体系。

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Examples show that with consideration of differences of mechanical properties in shear sliding section, maximum dangerous slide face by method of limit equilibrium will degenerate into vice dangerous slide face; and stepping slope face will dissipate stress concentration at the toe of slope.

实例表明，在考虑剪滑段力学性质差异的情况下，通过极限平衡法搜索的最危险滑动面退化为次危险滑动面，且坡面分阶对坡脚应力集中的消散作用。

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The results show that the four failure modes were ranked from highest to lowest effect: slip along the foundation, non-uniform distributions of stress, tension crack of the floodgate heel in the upper stream and compression failure of the floodgate toe in the downstream line.

由计算结果看出，水闸闸室沿闸基面滑动为水闸的最主要失效模式，上下游应力不均匀、上游闸踵拉裂、下游闸趾压坏为次要失效模式。

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